The credibility of the reviews is important to us. So they are checked and updated regularly and feedback we receive forms part of the overall rating. In order for binary trading to move into the financial mainstream, comparison services need to be open, honest and transparent — and that is what we try and deliver in our broker reviews.

Binary brokers are regulated via a number of bodies. CySec regulate the majority of brokers based in Cyprus and Israel. European regulation however, allows providers to serve British clients. In the UK however, a stronger layer of consumer protection is available if a broker is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority FCA.

Some firms also register with the FCA — but this is not the same as regulation. This is an important distinction. In the US the CFTC have only licensed two brokers to operate there — Nadex and CBOE. In Australia, ASIC Australian Securities and Investments Commission oversee brokerages.

Some firms are also regulated by the Malta Gaming Authority, or the Isle of Man GSC. In Europe, an organisation called ESMA European Securities and Markets Authority also suggest legislation or regulatory guidelines that the majority of domestic regulators adhere to.

They recently suggested that binary options should be prohibited to retail investors — though this policy is rather ill-thought out and out dated. Such changes will punish honest regulated brokers, leaving the dishonest scams to continue operating. Regulated brokers offer greater levels of consumer confidence than unregulated firms. They are obliged to retain trader funds in separate accounts, and not in company accounts.

They must provide a dispute process for customers, and treat clients equitably and fairly. In addition, regulated firms can only market in a responsible way, and in regions where trading is permitted. Responsible brokers welcome regulation as a way to increase levels of consumer trust.

Copy trading is a growing sector of investing. It allows users to copy the trades of others. Those copying decide how much to invest, and whether to copy some or all of the trades that a particular trader or tipster opens. The traders being copied also benefit, as the broker will often reward these clients through commission, or increased income revenue and profits based on the trade volume they generate. When copying however, time and effort spent finding the right traders to follow will pay dividends.

Social trading is similar, but is more geared towards social media style info sharing. They were initially only available to large scale investors — institutions, wealthy individuals and funds. In however, the US Securities and Exchange Commission allowed these fixed return options to be traded over an exchange. This allowed the Chicago Board Options Exchange CBOE and the American Stock Exchange to offer binary trading on certain underlying assets.

Initially, the range of assets was limited, as were the choice of options. Nadex also began offering exchange traded options matching buyers and sellers in the US as the market developed.

As popularity and commerce grew however, the traded assets moved beyond Forex and equities and the option types expanded as well. The barriers to entry for potential market makers or brokers are much lower in the binary sector. This, coupled with the boom in internet trading over a similar period, has left regulation lagging behind the industry.

The growth of binaries however, is unlikely to slow. The simplicity, coupled with the clarity of risk, allows almost anyone to take a view on a particular asset but manage their risk much more easily than versus contracts for difference or stocks purchases. In order to learn binary options, traders have a wealth of learning opportunities and courses. Each trader is different, results will alter from different methods of learning.

Some may prefer a pdf file or spreadsheet on the subject, while others will learn most from diving in and getting some hands on experience.

Here are a selection on learning methods:. Brokers are keen to give traders the confidence to start trading — and many offer some or all of the above for potential new clients to learn about binary options, generally for free. Some tools are only made available once a trader has registered — this is purely so the broker has some contact details for things like trading seminars or web based demonstrations. A great way to learn binary options is via an online demonstration or seminar.

Some brokers offer weekly seminars, some in a range of languages. Other firms will offer one on one training, but generally require a deposit beforehand. Some traders benefit from downloading an eBook tutorial, and learning about binary options at their own pace. One note of caution, is that each broker will focus on their own trading platform and quotes for some of the explanations and screen shots.

Brokers want new traders to use their services. The good news is that while the look and feel of some trading platforms will differ, the underlying functions are the same — so the knowledge is transferable easily. We list the best here. Video tutorials are the most popular learning method. Some brokers do make more effort than others though, and viewers may also be presented with the same video at different brokers — only the voiceover has changed!

There are however, some very good suites of videos available, and they are viewable without registering. We have embedded a video from IQ Option which introduces their trading platform and online binary trading. They offer a full range of videos on their site. Firms constantly update their training portfolio, so there is no clear winner in this category. Brokers want to encourage trading, so they make it very easy for traders to learn the basics.

More advanced information is harder to come by from brokers — but hopefully the strategy and technical analysis pages on this website assist. Below are some of the questions and topics we are asked about most often regarding binary trading online. Hopefully these short paragraphs can provide an answer — but if not, there are a number of links to more in-depth articles that explain each subject area. Put and Call options are simply the terms given to buying or selling an option.

If a trader believes an asset will go up in value, they open a call. If they expect the value to fall, they place a put trade. Some binary trading brokers change their trading buttons every couple of seconds, from Call and Put, to Down and Up to avoid confusion. Others dispense with the terms put and call entirely, using arrows instead.

Icons are always clear so mistakes are not made. This percentage is made clear before the trade is made. Other than being higher or lower than the starting price, the closing price does not affect the magnitude of the payout. As binary trading becomes more sophisticated, the amount that can be won is evolving too. Some brokers now offer trades that do depend on the size of any price movement. It depends entirely on the attitude of the trader. If a trader applies no strategy or research, then any investment is likely to be reliant on good fortune, and the odds are against them.

On the other hand, a trader making a well thought out trade can ensure they have done all they can to avoid relying on luck. Binary options, even those considered longer term, do not incur overnight charges, or rollover fees.

Many brokers have developed Islamic trading accounts which adhere to Muslim guidance offering immediate execution of trades, and charging no interest. But traders need to tread carefully before deciding if trading binary options is legal, halal or haram. The answer may not be clear.

A trader might use binaries with no planning, or strategy — effectively betting or using them to gamble. 上一步 保存. 博客 资源 收藏 关注. 只看原创 排序： 按最后发布时间 按访问量 RSS订阅.

原创 Python量化交易实战教程汇总 B站配套视频教程观看设计适合自己并能适应市场的交易策略，才是量化交易的灵魂课程亲手带你设计并实现两种交易策略，快速培养你的策略思维能力择时策略：通过这个策略学会如何利用均线，创建择时策略，优化股票买入卖出的时间点。选股策略：掌握选股策略的核心逻辑，并基于收益率创建动量选股策略，并验证其有效性。手把手带你打造一个易扩展、更安全、效率更高的量化交易系统第三方平台大而全，不易扩展，效率还差，信息安全也是大问题，打造自己的交易平台才是更优解所有文章目录Python量化交易实战双均线策略股 原创 Js逆向教程AST Babel插件最简单修改值示例 最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！ 原创 Js逆向教程vscode无环境联调 最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！ 原创 Js逆向教程Hook基础 Hook就是在这些流程任意环节插入自己的代码，让浏览器先执行自己的代码 然后再执行原本网站的hook在以下流程中可以做的事情：hook在以下流程中可以做的事情上下文:表示一个环境（js上下文就是v8引擎，浏览器是不同的页签就是不同的上下文，js中的eval还是在一个上下文。只是虚拟机、）作用域:控制变量所生效的位置。作用域是更小的一个级别 处于上下文中结果如下：解释器是如何处理这段代码：首先解释器知道var xuhss在内存中声明了一个全局变量数组保存了xuhss，以后用的话，就到这个数组中找。如果数 php请求 原创 Js逆向教程websocket介绍 Ws和Wss的区别相当于http和https的区别，如果你想写一个聊天页面，需要频繁请求后台接口 还需要设置间隔时间（每隔1s发送一个请求） 才能拿到后台服务器的数据，因为http是轮询方式，只有请求完成后，才能拿到结果，只有客户端能发请求，所以说 要轮询。缺点就是占用服务器的性能？更好的方案就是websocket，它是浏览器实现的。浏览器在底层升级http协议，从http协议升级到websocket只需要添加几个头部信息就可以完成升级。 1.

原创 Js逆向教程极验滑块 实现加密算法的逻辑 还是和上节课一样，针对这个网址。 原创 Js逆向教程极验滑块 找到w加密位置 最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！ 原创 Js逆向教程滑块流程 极验 HTML5 的 canvas 元素使用 JavaScript 在网页上绘制图像。画布是一个矩形区域，您可以控制其每一像素。就是位图操作，可以理解为一个画图工具。可以任意对每个像素点进行任意操作之前讲解有一种断点类型叫做 事件监听断点，里面可以对canvas进行监听CanvasCreate canvas context 创建事件都选创建事件断点后，再刷页面断在这个地方：这里的代码用了流程平坦化打乱了最后的最后。 原创 Js逆向教程反调试 将你的预期值和实际值进行比较，如果不一样，就是这种debugger 只能通过浏览器调用的堆栈区分出正确的逻辑。通过将editbreakpoint设置为false 可以禁用这个调试。通过hook方式，将运行的函数设为空就可以跳过debugger了。最好的方式就是不要被识别出来调试，可以通过下hook解决。非虚拟机的方式不会跳转 到一个vm的页面。在eval里面运行debugger.

原创 Js逆向教程FuckJs 我们的目的为了让js代码运行起来。可以不需要解密，将代码扣出来运行就可以。任何一个js类型的变量结果 加上一个字符串 ，只会变成字符串。所以这个调试起来很麻烦 只能单步调试 还是用解密工具解密。通过这种特性 可以组合成各种各样的加密方式。这个的原理就是将各种字符串加起来。2个值通过 运算会变成0或者1. jsfuck有对应的解密工具及。我们这里只是讲解js的混淆机制。可以看到只有这3种字符。 原创 Js逆向教程常见混淆AA和JJ js默认 支持Unicode的。所以支持所有的国家语种。有没有哪些国家的和O很像但不是O,和0很像但不是0,和p很像但不是p所以可以用这个相近的符号进行代码混淆。 原创 Js逆向教程常见代码混淆 最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！ 原创 Js逆向教程常见的加密方式 最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！ 原创 Js逆向教程跟值技巧 一般不会出现在jquery成熟的第3仓库里面。jquery是封装好的成熟的第3仓库，一般不会去修改它。因为如果jquery版本提升了，还要去改jquery。 原创 Js逆向教程方法栈 最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！ 原创 Js逆向教程js逆向断点的种类及介绍 能修改输出js运行当中的一些变量的值能下断点批量监听一些变量值当渲染时，样式发生改变，会触发DOM断点它一般在 用户触发了某个事件 时，段下来。执行的比较考前，距离加密函数比较远。所以无法根据栈去快速定位。它的优点时定位的比较准。清空Dom断点最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！ 原创 Js逆向教程明确js逆向的目标 通过本地运行js代码那 实现脱离浏览器后 能够实现和浏览器上运行加密js的效果。网站上完全都是JavaScript实现的加密，我们的目的要知道加密的整个过程，并且实现这个加密的过程，拿到和浏览器一样的加密的结果。得到加密的结果之后就可以跳过浏览器，本地直接给服务器发送加密数据，从而直接获取服务器响应的结果。 原创 Js逆向教程浏览器调试工具-Application页面 本地网站应用缓存页面。 原创 Js逆向教程浏览器调试工具-Source面板 切换到source面板，对于source面板，需要打开搜索面板才能发挥出完整的功能。 原创 Js逆向教程浏览器调试工具-Network面板 最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！ 原创 Js逆向教程浏览器调试工具-可视化的Elements 页面中有很多事件，比如说鼠标按下，滚动条滑动。最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！ 原创 python一招自动搞定Chromedriver爬虫驱动的更新 日常的web自动化过程中，我们常常用python selenium库来操纵Chrome浏览器实现网页的自动化。这其中有个比较头疼的问题：Chrome的更新频率非常频繁，与之对应的Chromedriver版本也必须相应更新。如果两者版本的主版本号相差超过1，selenium则会报异常.

那有没有好的办法解决这个问题呢？方法当然有，首先我们需要知道哪里可以下载到不同版本的文件。这里推荐两个网站，国内首选淘宝的镜像仓库：数据更新会比谷歌官方稍慢；可供下载的版本有时不全； 原创 如何安装MockingBird-AI拟声: 5秒内克隆您的声音并生成任意语音内容 作者：虚坏叔叔早餐店不会开到晚上，想吃的人早就来了！😄。 原创 Quasar — 免费开源的Windows远程管理工具 适用于Windows的免费开源远程控制管理工具Quasar是一种用C＃编码的快速轻量级远程管理工具。可用于管理工作到员工监控等。Quasar提供高稳定性和易用的用户界面，是您理想的远程控制管理解决方案。 The text left by the user or Gerrit system. All accounts, used in message, can be found in accountsInMessage field.

The CherryPickInput entity contains information for cherry-picking a change to a new branch. Commit message for the cherry-pick change. If not set, the commit message of the cherry-picked commit is used. Notify handling that defines to whom email notifications should be sent after the cherry-pick. If true , carries reviewers and ccs over from original change to newly created one. If true , the cherry-pick uses content merge and succeeds also if there are conflicts. If there are conflicts the file contents of the created change contain git conflict markers to indicate the conflicts.

If there are conflicts the cherry-pick change is marked as work-in-progress. The topic of the created cherry-picked change. If not set, the default depends on the source. Otherwise, if the source change has no topic, or the source is a commit, the created change will have no topic.

If the change already exists, the topic will not change if not set. If set, the topic will be overridden. If true , the cherry-pick succeeds also if the created commit will be empty.

If false , a cherry-pick that would create an empty commit fails without creating the commit. The patch set number for the comment; only set in contexts where comments may be returned for multiple patch sets. The file path for which the inline comment was done.

Not set if returned in a map where the key is the file path. The side on which the comment was added. Allowed values are REVISION and PARENT. If not set, the default is REVISION. The 1-based parent number. When not set the comment is for the auto-merge tree. The number of the line for which the comment was done. If range is set, this equals the end line of the range. The range of the comment as a CommentRange entity. The timestamp of when this comment was written.

The author of the message as an AccountInfo entity. Unset for draft comments, assumed to be the calling user. Whether or not the comment must be addressed by the user. The state of resolution of a comment thread is stored in the last comment in that thread chronologically. Available with the list change comments endpoint.

Contains the id of the change message that this comment is linked to. Hex commit SHA-1 40 characters string of the commit of the patchset to which this comment applies. A list of ContextLine containing the lines of the source file where the comment was written.

Available only if the "enable-context" parameter see List Change Comments is set. Mime type of the file where the comment is written. The URL encoded UUID of the comment if an existing draft comment should be updated. The file path for which the inline comment should be added. The side on which the comment should be added.

The number of the line for which the comment should be added. If neither line nor range is set, a file comment is added. The timestamp of this comment. Accepted but ignored. The comment message. If not set and an existing draft comment is updated, the existing draft comment is deleted. Value of the tag field. Only allowed on draft comment inputs; for published comments, use the tag field in ReviewInput.

The start position is inclusive and the end position is exclusive. The ContextLine entity contains the line number and line text of a single line of the source file content. The commit ID. Not set if included in a RevisionInfo entity that is contained in a map which has the commit ID as key.

The parent commits of this commit as a list of CommitInfo entities. In each parent only the commit and subject fields are populated. The author of the commit as a GitPersonInfo entity. The committer of the commit as a GitPersonInfo entity. Links to the patch set in external sites as a list of WebLinkInfo entities. Links to the commit in external sites for resolving conflicts as a list of WebLinkInfo entities. The CommitMessageInput entity contains information for changing the commit message of a change.

Notify handling that defines to whom email notifications should be sent after the commit message was updated. If not set, the default is OWNER for WIP changes and ALL otherwise. The DeleteChangeMessageInput entity contains the options for deleting a change message. The reason why the change message should be deleted. The reason why the comment should be deleted. Notify handling that defines to whom email notifications should be sent after the reviewer is deleted.

The label for which the vote should be deleted. If set, must match the label in the URL. Notify handling that defines to whom email notifications should be sent after the vote is deleted. If set to true, ignore all automatic attention set rules described in the attention set. When not set, the default is false.

The DiffContent entity contains information about the content differences in a file. only present when the intraline parameter is set and the DiffContent is a replace, i. both a and b are present. Text sections deleted from side A as a DiffIntralineInfo entity. Text sections inserted in side B as a DiffIntralineInfo entity. count of lines skipped on both sides when the file is too large to include all common lines.

Set to true if the region is common according to the requested ignore-whitespace parameter, but a and b contain differing amounts of whitespace. When present and true a and b are used instead of ab. The content type of the file. For regular files the value is the file mime type e. Links to the file in external sites as a list of WebLinkInfo entries. Meta information about the file on side A as a DiffFileMetaInfo entity. Meta information about the file on side B as a DiffFileMetaInfo entity.

The type of change ADDED , MODIFIED , DELETED , RENAMED COPIED , REWRITE. only set when the intraline parameter was specified in the request. The content differences in the file as a list of DiffContent entities.

Links to the file diff in external sites as a list of DiffWebLinkInfo entries. Links to edit the file in external sites as a list of WebLinkInfo entries. The start of the edits is from the beginning of the related diff content lines. If the list is empty, the entire DiffContent should be considered as unedited. Note that the implied newline character at the end of each line is included in the length calculation, and thus it is possible for the edits to span newlines.

The EditFileInfo entity contains additional information of a file within a change edit. Links to the diff info in external sites as a list of WebLinkInfo entities. Information about how to fetch this patch set. The files of the change edit as a map that maps the file names to FileInfo entities. The FetchInfo entity contains information about how to fetch a patch set via a certain protocol. The download commands for this patch set as a map that maps the command names to the commands.

Only set if download commands are requested. Number of inserted lines. Not set for binary files or if no lines were inserted. An empty last line is not included in the count and hence this number can differ by one from details provided in DiffInfo. Number of deleted lines. Not set for binary files or if no lines were deleted. File mode in octal e.

The first three digits indicate the file type and the last three digits contain the file permission bits. For added files, this field will not be present. For deleted files, this field will not be present. The FixInput entity contains options for fixing commits using the fix change endpoint. If true, delete patch sets from the database if they refer to missing commit options.

If set, check that the change is merged into the destination branch as this exact SHA If not, insert a new patch set referring to this commit. The UUID of the suggested fix. A list of FixReplacementInfo entities indicating how the content of one or several files should be modified.

Within a file, they should refer to non-overlapping regions. The FixReplacementInfo entity describes how the content of a file should be replaced by another content. The path of the file which should be modified. Any file in the repository may be modified. References to the header lines will result in errors when the fix is applied.

A CommentRange indicating which content of the file should be replaced. Lines in the file are assumed to be separated by the line feed character.

The timestamp of when this identity was constructed. The IncludedInInfo entity contains information about the branches a change was merged into and tags it was tagged with. The list of branches this change was merged into. The list of tags this change was tagged with. A map that maps a name to a list of external systems that include this change, e.

a list of servers on which this change is deployed. The LabelInfo entity contains information about a label on a change, always corresponding to the current patch set. Whether the label is optional. One user who approved this label on the change voted the maximum value as an AccountInfo entity. One user who rejected this label on the change voted the minimum value as an AccountInfo entity. One user who recommended this label on the change voted positively, but not the maximum value as an AccountInfo entity.

One user who disliked this label on the change voted negatively, but not the minimum value as an AccountInfo entity. If true , the label blocks submit operation. If not set, the default is false. The default voting value for the label. A list of integers containing the vote values applied to this label at the latest patchset. List of all approvals for this label as a list of ApprovalInfo entities. Items in this list may not represent actual votes cast by users; if a user votes on any label, a corresponding ApprovalInfo will appear in this list for all labels.

A map of all values that are allowed for this label. The strategy of the merge, can be recursive , resolve , simple-two-way-in-core , ours or theirs. true if this change is cleanly mergeable, false otherwise. true if this change is already merged, false otherwise. true if the content of this change is already merged, false otherwise.

The source to merge from, e. A branch from which source is reachable. If specified, source is checked for visibility and reachability against only this branch. This speeds up the operation, especially for large repos with many branches. The strategy of the merge, can be recursive , resolve , simple-two-way-in-core , ours or theirs , default will use project settings.

If true , creating the merge succeeds also if there are conflicts. If there are conflicts the change is marked as work-in-progress. This option is not supported for all merge strategies e. The MergePatchSetInput entity contains information about updating a new change by creating a new merge commit.

A {change-id} that identifies a change. Otherwise, the current branch tip of the destination branch will be used. The detail of the source commit for merge as a MergeInput entity. This field does not affect the owner or the committer of the change, which will continue to use the identity of the caller.

By default, only veto votes that are blocking the change from submission are moved to the destination branch. Using this option is only allowed for administrators, because it can affect the submission behaviour of the change depending on the label access configuration and submissions rules.

The NotifyInfo entity contains detailed information about who should be notified about an update. These notifications are sent out even if a notify option in the request input disables normal notifications.

A list of account IDs that identify the accounts that should be should be notified. The PrivateInput entity contains information for changing the private flag on a change. The ProblemInfo entity contains a description of a potential consistency problem with a change. Only set if a fix was attempted. If status is set, an additional plaintext message describing the outcome of the fix.

The PublishChangeEditInput entity contains options for the publishing of change edit. Notify handling that defines to whom email notifications should be sent after the change edit is published. Allowed values are NONE and ALL. Only used when signed push is enabled on the server. Information about the key that signed the push, along with any problems found while checking the signature or the key itself, as a GpgKeyInfo entity. The new parent revision. This can be a ref or a SHA-1 to a concrete patchset.

Alternatively, a change number can be specified, in which case the current patch set is inferred. Empty string is used for rebasing directly on top of the target branch, which effectively breaks dependency towards a parent change. If true , the rebase also succeeds if there are conflicts.

If there are conflicts the file contents of the rebased patch set contain git conflict markers to indicate the conflicts. The RelatedChangeAndCommitInfo entity contains information about a related change and commit. The status of the change. The status of the change is one of NEW , MERGED , ABANDONED. Boolean indicating whether the change is submittable. Only populated if requested.

A list of RelatedChangeAndCommitInfo entities describing the related changes. Sorted by git commit order, newest to oldest. Empty if there are no related changes. The Requirement entity contains information about a requirement relative to a change. Status of the requirement.

Alphanumerical plus hyphens or underscores string to identify what the requirement is and why it was triggered. Can be seen as a class: requirements sharing the same type were created for a similar reason, and the data structure will follow one set of rules. Message to be added as review comment to the change when restoring the change. Message to be added as review comment to the change when reverting the change.

Notify handling that defines to whom email notifications should be sent for reverting the change. Additional information about whom to notify about the revert as a map of recipient type to NotifyInfo entity. Name of the topic for the revert change. When present, change is marked as Work In Progress. Notifications for the reverted change will only sent once the result change is no longer WIP. A list of ChangeInfo that describes the revert changes.

Each entity in that list is a revert change that was created in that revert submission. The labels of the review as a map that maps the label names to the voting values. The account which modified state of the reviewer in question as AccountInfo entity.

The reviewer account added or removed from the change as an AccountInfo entity. The reviewer state, one of REVIEWER , CC or REMOVED. Apply this tag to the review comment message, votes, and inline comments. Tags with an 'autogenerated:' prefix may be used by CI or other automated systems to distinguish them from human reviews. If another message was posted on a newer patchset, but with the same tag, then the older message will be hidden in the UI.

Suffixes starting with ~ are not considered, so autogenerated:my-ci-system~trigger and autogenerated:my-ci-system~result will be considered being the same tag with regards to the hiding rule. The votes that should be added to the revision as a map that maps the label names to the voting values.

The comments that should be added as a map that maps a file path to a list of CommentInput entities. The robot comments that should be added as a map that maps a file path to a list of RobotCommentInput entities. Draft handling that defines how draft comments are handled that are already in the database but that were not also described in this input. If not set, the default is KEEP. List of draft IDs to be published. The draft IDs should belong to the current user and be valid.

If drafts is set to PUBLISH , then draft IDs should contain drafts for the same revision that is requested for review. If not set, the default is to publish all drafts according to the drafts field. Notify handling that defines to whom email notifications should be sent after the review is stored.

If true , comments with the same content at the same place will be omitted. To use this option the caller must have been granted labelAs-NAME permission for all keys of labels. If true, and if the change is work in progress, then start review. If true, mark the change as work in progress. list of AttentionSetInput entities to add to the attention set. Users that are not reviewers, ccs, owner, or uploader are silently ignored. list of AttentionSetInput entities to remove from the attention set.

The ReviewResult entity contains information regarding the updates that were made to a review. Map of labels to values after the review was posted. Null if any reviewer additions were rejected.

Absent if no reviewer additions were requested. If true, the change was moved from WIP to ready for review as a result of this action.

Not set if false. The ReviewerInfo entity contains information about a reviewer and its votes on a change. ReviewerInfo has the same fields as AccountInfo and includes detailed account information. In addition ReviewerInfo has the following fields:.

This field is inherited from AccountInfo but is optional here if an unregistered reviewer was added by email. See add-reviewer for details. If an ID identifies both an account and a group, only the account is added as reviewer to the change.

External groups, such as LDAP groups, will be silently omitted from a set-review or add-reviewer call. A group can only be specified for adding reviewers, not for removing them. Add reviewer in this state.

If not given, defaults to REVIEWER. Whether adding the reviewer is confirmed. The Gerrit server may be configured to require a confirmation when adding a group as reviewer that has many members. Notify handling that defines to whom email notifications should be sent after the reviewer is added.

Value of the reviewer field from ReviewerInput set while adding the reviewer. The newly added reviewers as a list of ReviewerInfo entities. The newly CCed accounts as a list of AccountInfo entities.

This field will only appear if the requested state for the reviewer was CC. The newly removed accounts as a list of AccountInfo entities. This field will only appear if the requested state for the reviewer was REMOVED. Error message explaining why the reviewer could not be added. If a group was specified in the input and an error is returned, it means that none of the members were added as reviewer.

The RevisionInfo entity contains information about a patch set. Not all fields are returned by default.

Additional fields can be obtained by adding o parameters as described in Query Changes. The change kind. The timestamp of when the patch set was created. The uploader of the patch set as an AccountInfo entity. This information is only included if a plugin implementing the download commands interface is installed.

The files of the patch set as a map that maps the file names to FileInfo entities. Indicates whether the caller is authenticated and has commented on the current revision. Only set if REVIEWED option is requested. This field is always set if the option is requested; if no push certificate was provided, it is set to an empty object.

The description of this patchset, as displayed in the patchset selector menu. May be null if no description is set. In addition RobotCommentInfo has the following fields:. Suggested fixes for this robot comment as a list of FixSuggestionInfo entities.

The RobotCommentInput entity contains information for creating an inline robot comment. When RUN filter rules in the parent projects are called to post-process the results of the project specific rule. This behavior matches how the rule will execute if installed. If SKIP the parent filters are not called, allowing the test to return results from the input rule.

If set, submit the change on behalf of the given user. The value may take any format accepted by the accounts REST API. Using this option requires Submit On Behalf Of permission on the branch. Notify handling that defines to whom email notifications should be sent after the change is submitted.

if the change is submitted with copied approvals , because in this case everyone should be informed about the non-reviewed diff which has been applied after the change has been approved so that they can take action if the post approval diff looks unexpected. In other words if a post approval diff is present ALL is enforced. Fields in this entity roughly correspond to the fields set by LABELS in LabelInfo. OK , the change can be submitted. CLOSED , closed changes cannot be submitted.

Map of labels that are approved; an AccountInfo identifies the voter chosen by the rule. Map of labels that are preventing submit; AccountInfo identifies voter.

Map of labels that need to be given to submit. The value is currently an empty object. Map of labels that can be used, but do not affect submit. AccountInfo identifies voter, if the label has been applied. Map of labels that should have been in need but cannot be used by any user because of access restrictions. The name of the submit rule that created this submit record.

FORCED , the change was submitted bypassing the submit rule. A list of labels, each containing the following fields. A list of passing atoms as strings.

A list of failing atoms. If the submit requirement fails during evaluation, this string will contain an error message describing why it failed. Query expression that can be evaluated on any change.

If evaluated to true on a change, the submit requirement is then applicable for this change. If not specified, the submit requirement is applicable for all changes.

If evaluated to true on a change, the submit requirement is fulfilled and not blocking change submission. If evaluated to true on a change, the submit requirement is overridden and not blocking change submission. Whether this submit requirement can be overridden in child projects. Default is true. The SubmitRequirementResultInfo describes the result of evaluating a submit requirement on a change.

Status describing the result of evaluating the submit requirement. If true, this submit requirement result was created from a legacy SubmitRecord.

Otherwise, it was created by evaluating a submit requirement. A SubmitRequirementExpressionInfo containing the result of evaluating the applicability expression. Not set if the submit requirement did not define an applicability expression. A SubmitRequirementExpressionInfo containing the result of evaluating the submittability expression.

A SubmitRequirementExpressionInfo containing the result of evaluating the override expression. Not set if the submit requirement did not define an override expression. The SubmittedTogetherInfo entity contains information about a collection of changes that would be submitted together.

A list of ChangeInfo entities representing the changes to be submitted together. The number of changes to be submitted together that the current user cannot see. This count includes changes that are visible to the current user when their reason for being submitted together involves changes the user cannot see.

The SuggestedReviewerInfo entity contains information about a reviewer that can be added to a change an account or a group. SuggestedReviewerInfo has either the account field that contains the AccountInfo entity, or the group field that contains the GroupBaseInfo entity. An AccountInfo entity, if the suggestion is an account. A GroupBaseInfo entity, if the suggestion is a group. The total number of accounts in the suggestion.

This is 1 if account is present. If group is present, the total number of accounts that are members of the group is returned this count includes members of nested groups. True if group is present and count is above the threshold where the confirmed flag must be passed to add the group as a reviewer. The topic. The topic will be deleted if not set. The VotingRangeInfo entity describes the continuous voting range from min to max values. Query for the 25 most recent open changes of the projects that you watch.

MESSAGES : include messages associated with the change. REVIEWED : include the reviewed field if all of the following are true: the change is open the caller is authenticated the caller has commented on the change more recently than the last update from the change owner, i.

CHECK : include potential problems with the change. Pearce", "email": "sop google. com", "date": " doe example. roe example. com", "username": "jdoe" }, "updated": " com", "username": "jdoe" }, "date": "

This page describes the change related REST endpoints. Please also take note of the general information on the REST API. The change input ChangeInput entity must be provided in the request body. The request would fail with Bad Request in this case. To create a change the calling user must be allowed to upload to code review. As response a ChangeInfo entity is returned that describes the resulting change. Queries changes visible to the caller.

The query string must be provided by the q parameter. The n parameter can be used to limit the returned results. The no-limit parameter can be used remove the default limit on queries and return all results does not apply to anonymous requests.

This might not be supported by all index backends. As result a list of ChangeInfo entries is returned. The change output is sorted by the last update time, most recently updated to oldest updated. The S or start query parameter can be supplied to skip a number of changes from the list. Administrators can use the skip-visibility query parameter to skip visibility filtering. This can be used to ensure that no changes are missed e.

when querying for changes which need to be reindexed. Without this parameter query results the user has no permission to read are filtered out. Clients are allowed to specify more than one query by setting the q parameter multiple times. In this case the result is an array of arrays, one per query in the same order the queries were given in. Additional fields can be obtained by adding o parameters, each option requires more database lookups and slows down the query response time to the client so they are generally disabled by default.

Optional fields are:. LABELS : Includes the labels field which contains all information about labels and approvers that have granted or rejected that label. Ignored if the caller is not authenticated. the caller has commented on the change more recently than the last update from the change owner, i. this change would show up in the results of reviewedby:self.

For large trees, their computation may be expensive. Ignored if signed push is not enabled on the server. Fields are described in Query Changes. As response a ChangeInfo entity is returned that describes the change. This will use a historical NoteDb snapshot to populate ChangeInfo. If the SHA-1 is not reachable as a NoteDb state, status code is returned. If the old parameter is not provided, the parent of the meta SHA-1 is used.

If the meta parameter is not provided, the current state of the change is used. If neither are provided, the difference between the current state of the change and its previous state is returned. Additional fields can be obtained by adding o parameters, analogous to Get Change , and the same concerns for Get Change hold for this endpoint too. As a response, two ChangeInfo entities are returned that describe information added and removed from the old change state, and the two ChangeInfo entities that generated the diff are returned.

If the provided SHA-1 for meta is not reachable as a NoteDb state, the status code is returned. If the SHA-1 for old is not reachable, the difference between the change at state meta and an empty change is returned.

Retrieves a change with labels , detailed labels , detailed accounts , reviewer updates , and messages. This response will contain all votes for each label and include one combined vote. Update an existing change by using a MergePatchSetInput entity.

Gerrit will create a merge commit based on the information of MergePatchSetInput and add a new patch set to the change corresponding to the new merge commit. As response a ChangeInfo entity with current revision is returned that describes the resulting change.

The new commit message must be provided in the request body inside a CommitMessageInput entity. If a Change-Id footer is specified, it must match the current Change-Id footer. If the Change-Id footer is absent, the current Change-Id is added to the message. The new topic must be provided in the request body inside a TopicInput entity. Any leading or trailing whitespace in the topic name will be removed. As a response an AccountInfo entity describing the assigned account is returned. Returns a list of every user ever assigned to a change, in the order in which they were first assigned.

As a response a list of AccountInfo entities is returned. The new assignee must be provided in the request body inside a AssigneeInput entity. As a response an AccountInfo entity describing the account of the deleted assignee is returned.

Check if the given change is a pure revert of the change it references in revertOf. Optionally, the query parameter o can be passed in to specify a commit SHA-1 in 40 digit hex representation to check against. It takes precedence over revertOf. If the change has no reference in revertOf , the parameter is mandatory. The request body does not need to include a AbandonInput entity if no review comment is added.

As response a ChangeInfo entity is returned that describes the abandoned change. An email will be sent using the "abandon" template. The notify handling is ALL. Notifications are suppressed on WIP changes that have never started review. The request body does not need to include a RestoreInput entity if no review comment is added. As response a ChangeInfo entity is returned that describes the restored change.

Optionally, the parent revision can be changed to another patch set through the RebaseInput entity. As response a ChangeInfo entity is returned that describes the rebased change. Information about the current patch set is included. If the change cannot be rebased, e. The destination branch must be provided in the request body inside a MoveInput entity.

Only veto votes that are blocking the change from submission are moved to the destination branch by default. As response a ChangeInfo entity is returned that describes the moved change.

The request body does not need to include a RevertInput entity if no review comment is added. As response a ChangeInfo entity is returned that describes the reverting change. There are no guarantees about the subjects if the users change the default subjects. The changes will not be rebased on onto the destination branch so the users may still have to manually rebase them to resolve conflicts and make them submittable.

However, the changes that have the same project and branch will be rebased on top of each other. g, the first revert change will have the original change as a parent, and the second revert change will have the first revert change as a parent. There is one special case that involves merge commits; if a user has multiple changes in the same project and branch, but not in the same change series, those changes can still get submitted together if they have the same topic and change.

submitWholeTopic in gerrit. config is set to true. In the case, Gerrit may create merge commits on submit depending on the submit types of the project. The first parent for the reverts will be the most recent merge commit that was created by Gerrit to merge the different change series into the target branch.

As response RevertSubmissionInfo entity is returned. That entity describes the revert changes. The request body only needs to include a SubmitInput entity if submitting on behalf of another user. Submission may submit multiple changes, but we still only return one ChangeInfo object. Changes that will also be submitted: 1. All changes of the same topic if change. submitWholeTopic configuration is set to true. All dependent changes. The closure of the above e.

g if a dependent change has a topic, all changes of that topic will also be submitted. Computes list of all changes which are submitted when Submit is called for this change, including the current change itself.

If change. As a special case, the list is empty if this change would be submitted by itself without other changes. As a response a SubmittedTogetherInfo entity is returned that describes what would happen if the change were submitted.

This response contains a list of changes and a count of changes that are not visible to the caller that are part of the set of changes to be merged. New or abandoned changes can be deleted by their owner if the user is granted the Delete Own Changes permission, otherwise only by administrators.

An investor knows exactly how much is at risk, and crucially, also knows the exact value of any potential returns. The labels of the review as a map that maps the label names to the voting values. The ChangeEditInput entity contains information for restoring a path within change edit. Are you registered as a Democrat, a Republican, another party, or are you registered as a decline-to-state or independent voter? A new change edit can't be created. Whether the change has been approved by the project submit rules.

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